P-ANCA Test: Purpose, Procedure, Symptoms, and Interpretation
The P-ANCA test (Perinuclear Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody test) is a blood test used to detect autoimmune activity in the body. When the immune system becomes overactive and attacks its own tissues, specific antibodies may form. Detecting these antibodies helps doctors identify autoimmune and inflammatory conditions that can affect blood vessels, organs, or the digestive system. What Is the P-ANCA Test? The P-ANCA test looks for antibodies that target neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. In autoimmune conditions, these antibodies appear around the nucleus of neutrophils, forming a “perinuclear” pattern. This pattern can be detected in the lab using techniques such as immunofluorescence or ELISA, making it easier for doctors to assess whether autoimmune activity is present. Why Doctors Order the P-ANCA Test A P-ANCA test is often recommended when symptoms suggest inflammation or autoimmune disease. Common indications include: Persistent fatigue or weakness Recurri...